Syllabus Copy

UNIT-I

Introduction to Refrigeration: Definition of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, Necessity of Refrigeration and its applications, Methods of Refrigeration, Unit of Refrigeration and C.O.P. Reversed Carnot cycle, Limitations, Effect of operating temperatures, Properties of Refrigerants: Survey, Designation, Desirable properties of refrigerants, Thermodynamic, Chemical and Physical properties, Classification of Refrigerants, Alternative refrigerants, Substitute for CFC Refrigerants, Global warming, Green House Effect and Future of Refrigerants.

Air Refrigeration Systems: Analysis of Bell-Coleman Cycle or Reversed Brayton cycle, Open and Dense air system, Application to aircraft refrigeration, Simple cooling system and Bootstrap refrigeration system, Regenerative cooling system and Reduced ambient cooling system.

UNIT-II

Vapour compression system: Working principle and essential components of Simple vapor compression Refrigeration cycle, Compressor, condenser, evaporator, and expansion devices, Analysis of cycle, C.O.P, Representation of the cycle on T-S, P-H and H-S charts. Performance improvement of simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle by means of the flash chamber and accumulator Dry and wet compression, Effect of operating conditions like evaporating pressure, condenser pressure, Liquid sub-cooling, and Vapor superheating, Performance of the system. Low-temperature refrigeration system (with single load system), Compound compression with water intercooler and Flash intercooler, Cascade refrigeration system-Analysis and advantages

UNIT-III

Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System: Simple absorption systems, COP, Practical ammonia absorption refrigeration system, Lithium bromide absorption system, Electrolux refrigerator, Common refrigerants, and absorbents properties, Comparison with vapor compression refrigeration system

Steam Jet Refrigeration: Principle of working, Analysis of the system, Advantages, limitations, and applications.

Non-Conventional Refrigeration Systems: Principle and operation of Thermoelectric Refrigeration Systems, Seebeck effect - Peltier effect - Thomson effect, Analysis, Pulse tube refrigeration system. Introduction to Cryogenics- Advantages, Limitations, and applications

UNIT-IV

Psychrometry: Psychrometric properties, Psychrometric chart, construction, Representation of Psychrometric processes on the chart, Heating and Cooling with Humidification and Dehumidification, Adiabatic dehumidification, adiabatic chemical dehumidification and mixing processes 

Introduction to Air Conditioning: Requirements of comfort air conditioning, Thermodynamics of the human body, Body temperature, Metabolism, Body defense and Human tolerance, Effect of heat on performance, ASHRE comfort chart and Effective temperature.

UNIT-V

Cooling Load Calculations in Air Conditioning: Concept of bypass factor, Sensible heat factor, Apparatus Dew Point, Room Sensible Heat Factor (RSHF), Gross Sensible Heat Factor (GSHF), Different heating and cooling loads, Problems.

Design of air conditioning systems: All fresh air, Re-circulated air with bypassed air, Design of Summer, winter and Year-round air conditioning systems, Energy conservation in an air-conditioned building, Case study of one building with all load calculations

Air Conditioning Systems: Types, Components of air conditioner equipment, Humidifier, Dehumidifier, Filter, Grills, Fans and Blowers, Duct layout.

Applications of Refrigeration and Air conditioning Food Preservation, Transport air conditioning, and Industrial applications/